Limitations and Further Work

Limitations and Further Work

We acknowledge that this group of case studies is not comprehensive, and that its chosen methodology and scope has limitations. In some cases, we were unable to collect first-hand the underlying data on the investment in the AI integration to fully understand the productivity impact (this was especially true for Axis). We also did not collect data directly from workers directly impacted by the AI implementation (e.g., production crew at Tata Steel Europe, Zymergen’s customer R&D teams, Axis Bank’s outsourced customer service representatives). As documentation of actual impact of real-world AI applications, albeit partial, the case studies can contribute nuanced pictures of the way that AI and ML are playing out in real workplaces. These observations and insights can and should inform dialogue on the impact of AI on labor and the economy. For a more extensive discussion of gaps in the literature and further areas of potential research, please see our extended case studies.