ABOUT ML Reference Document

Last Updated

To share your ideas, suggestions, and other feedback related to this evolving document, please reach out to Sarah Villeneuve, Lead of Fairness, Transparency, Accountability & ABOUT ML. Learn more about the origins of ABOUT ML and contributors to the project here.

Section 0: How to Use this Document

Section 0: How to Use This Document

This ABOUT ML Reference Document is a reference and foundational resource. Future contributions of the ABOUT ML work will include a PLAYBOOK of specifications, guides, recommendations, templates, and other meaningful artifacts to support ML documentation work by individuals in any and all of the roles listed below. Use cases made up of various artifacts from the PLAYBOOK along with other implementation instructions will be packaged as PILOTS for PAI Partners to try out in their organizations. Feedback from their use of these cases will further mature the artifacts in the PLAYBOOK and will support the ABOUT ML team’s continued, rigorous, scientific investigation of relevant research questions in the ML documentation space.

Recommended Reading Plan

Recommended Reading Plan

Based on the role a reader plays in their organization and/or the community of stakeholders they belong to, there are several different approaches for reading and using the information in this ABOUT ML Reference Document:

Role Recommendations
ML system developers/deployers ML system developers/deployers are encouraged to do a deep dive exploration of Section 3: Preliminary Synthesized Documentation Suggestions and use it to highlight gaps in their current understanding of both data- and model-related documentation and planning needs. This group will most benefit from further participation in the ABOUT ML effort by engaging with the community in the forthcoming online forum and by testing the efficacy and applicability of templates and specifications to be published in the PLAYBOOK and PILOTS, which will be developed based on use cases as an opportunity to implement ML documentation processes within an organization.
ML system procurers ML system procurers might explore Section 2.2: Documentation to Operationalize AI Ethics Goals to get ideas about what concepts to include as requirements for models and data in future requests for proposals relevant to ML systems. Additionally, they could use Section 2.3: Research Themes on Documentation for Transparency to shape conversations with the business owners and requirements writers to further elicit detailed key performance indicators and measures for success for any procured ML systems.
Users of ML system APIs and/or experienced end users of ML systems Users of ML system APIs and/or experienced end users of ML systems might skim the document and review all of the coral-colored Quick Guides to get a better understanding of how ML concepts are relevant to many of the tools they regularly use. A review of Section  2.1: Demand for Transparency and AI Ethics in ML systems will provide insight into conditions where it is appropriate to use ML systems. This section also explains how transparency is a foundation for both internal accountability among the developers, deployers, and API users of an ML system and external accountability to customers, impacted non-users, civil society organizations, and policymakers.
Internal compliance teams Internal compliance teams are encouraged to explore Section 4: Current Challenges of Implementing Documentation and use it to shape conversations with developer/deployment teams to find ways to measure compliance throughout the Machine Learning Lifecycle (MLLC).
External auditors External auditors could skim Appendix: Compiled List of Documentation Questions and familiarize themselves with high-level concepts as well as tactically operationalized tenets to look for in their determination of whether or not an ML System is well-documented.
Lay users of ML systems and/or members of low-income communities Lay users of ML systems and/or members of low-income communities might skim the document and review all of the blue-colored How We Define boxes in order to get an overarching understanding of the text’s contents. These users are encouraged to continue learning ABOUT ML systems by exploring how they might impact their everyday lives. Additional insights can be gathered from the Glossary section of this Reference Document.

Quick Guides

Quick Guides

Example

More information about a topic. Oftentimes, this will be a high-level and less academic expression of a term or concept.

Throughout this ABOUT ML Reference Document, we will use coral callout boxes with text to further explain a concept. This is a readability enhancement tactic recommended by our Diverse Voices panel and is meant to make the content more accessible and consumable to lay users of machine learning systems.

How We Define

How We Define

Example Term

We’ll use this space to give background definitions of terms and phrases and, in some cases, to call out existing work related to the ABOUT ML effort.

Throughout this ABOUT ML Reference Document, we will use the blue callout boxes with text to showcase our accepted (near-consensus) definition of a term or phrase. This is meant to give foundational background information to viewers of the document and also provides a baseline of understanding for any artifacts that may be derived from this work. Additional terms can be found in the glossary section. Future versions of this reference and/or artifacts in the forthcoming PLAYBOOK will explore audio/video offerings to support the consumption of this information by verbal/visual learners.

Contact for Support

Contact for Support

If you have any questions or would like to learn more about this effort, please reach out to us by:

Visiting our ABOUT ML page to make contributions to the work

ABOUT ML Reference Document

Section 0: How to Use this Document

Recommended Reading Plan

Quick Guides

How We Define

Contact for Support

Section 1: Project Overview

1.1 Statement of Importance for ABOUT ML Project

1.1.0 Importance of Transparency: Why a Company Motivated by the Bottom Line Should Adopt ABOUT ML Recommendations

1.1.1 About This Document and Version Numbering

1.1.2 ABOUT ML Goals and Plan

1.1.3 ABOUT ML Project Process and Timeline Overview

1.1.4 Who Is This Project For?

1.1.4.1 Audiences for the ABOUT ML Resources

1.1.4.2 Stakeholders That Should Be Consulted While Putting Together ABOUT ML Resources

1.1.4.3 Audiences for ABOUT ML Documentation Artifacts

1.1.4.4 Whose Voices Are Currently Reflected in ABOUT ML?

1.1.4.5 Origin Story

Section 2: Literature Review (Current Recommendations on Documentation for Transparency in the ML Lifecycle)

2.1 Demand for Transparency and AI Ethics in ML Systems 

2.2 Documentation to Operationalize AI Ethics Goals

2.2.1 Documentation as a Process in the ML Lifecycle

2.2.2 Key Process Considerations for Documentation

2.3 Research Themes on Documentation for Transparency 

2.3.1 System Design and Set Up

2.3.2 System Development

2.3.3 System Deployment

Section 3: Preliminary Synthesized Documentation Suggestions

3.4.1 Suggested Documentation Sections for Datasets

3.4.1.1 Data Specification

3.4.1.1.1 Motivation

3.4.1.2 Data Curation 

3.4.1.2.1 Collection

3.4.1.2.2 Processing

3.4.1.2.3 Composition

3.4.1.2.4 Types and Sources of Judgement Calls

3.4.1.3 Data Integration

3.4.1.3.1 Use

3.4.1.3.2 Distribution

3.4.1.4 Maintenance

3.4.2 Suggested Documentation Sections for Models

3.4.2.1 Model Specifications

3.4.2.2 Model Training

3.4.2.3 Evaluation

3.4.2.4 Model Integration

3.4.2.5 Maintenance

Section 4: Current Challenges of Implementing Documentation

Section 5: Conclusions

Version 0

Version 1

Appendix A: Compiled List of Documentation Questions 

Fact Sheets (Arnold et al. 2018)

Data Sheets (Gebru et al. 2018)

Model Cards (Mitchell et al. 2018)

A “Nutrition Label” for Privacy (Kelley et al. 2009)

The Dataset Nutrition Label: A Framework To Drive Higher Data Quality Standards (Holland et al. 2019)

Data Statements for Natural Language Processing: Toward Mitigating System Bias and Enabling Better Science (Bender and Friedman 2018)

Appendix B: Diverse Voices Process and Artifacts

Procurement Recruitment Email

Procurement Confirmation Email 

Appendix C: Glossary

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  69. If it is not, there is likely a bug in the code. Checking a predictive model's performance on the training set cannot distinguish irreducible error (which comes from intrinsic variance of the system) from error introduced by bias and variance in the estimator; this is universal, and has nothing to do with different settings or
  70. Selbst, Andrew D. and Boyd, Danah and Friedler, Sorelle and Venkatasubramanian, Suresh and Vertesi, Janet (2018). “Fairness and Abstraction in Sociotechnical Systems”, ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency (FAT*). https://ssrn.com/abstract=3265913
  71. Tools that can be used to explore and audit the predictive model fairness include FairML, Lime, IBM AI Fairness 360, SHAP, Google What-If Tool, and many others
  72. Wagstaff, K. (2012). Machine learning that matters. arXiv preprint arXiv:1206.4656. https://arxiv.org/abs/1206.4656
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